XOAUTH is a SASL authentication mechanism that can be used with the IMAP AUTHENTICATE and SMTP AUTH commands. It is based on OAuth, and uses the same OAuth parameters to authenticate against an SMTP or IMAP server. It is backed by Google, and you can use XOAUTH with Gmail SMTP or IMAP to authenticate without an username and its corresponding password.
You need to go through the usual “OAuth dance” to acquire an access token and its corresponding secret. Once you have that, you can generate the OAuth signature the usual OAuth way, with the following parameters:
- The HTTP method is GET,
- The URL has the following form: https://mail.google.com/mail/b/[user email address]/[protocol]/, where protocol is either “smtp” or “imap” (without quotes) and
- All the usual OAuth parameters except “oauth_signature”.
The actual XOAUTH string will be constructed from the HTTP method, the URL as defined above and the OAuth parameters, the three parts concatenated with space characters, and then base64-encoded. You can find examples for it at Google’s reference page.
We can build the XOAUTH string in a straightforward way with signpost and our Android OAuth helper class (if you’d like to use it in plain Java, just remove the Log lines). Since many people have asked for the source code of the class, here it goes the whole stuff as used in SMSForwarder.
package com.nilvec.oauth;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import android.util.Log;
import oauth.signpost.OAuth;
import oauth.signpost.OAuthConsumer;
import oauth.signpost.OAuthProvider;
import oauth.signpost.commonshttp.CommonsHttpOAuthConsumer;
import oauth.signpost.commonshttp.CommonsHttpOAuthProvider;
import oauth.signpost.commonshttp.HttpRequestAdapter;
import oauth.signpost.exception.OAuthCommunicationException;
import oauth.signpost.exception.OAuthExpectationFailedException;
import oauth.signpost.exception.OAuthMessageSignerException;
import oauth.signpost.exception.OAuthNotAuthorizedException;
import oauth.signpost.http.HttpParameters;
import oauth.signpost.signature.HmacSha1MessageSigner;
import oauth.signpost.signature.OAuthMessageSigner;
public class OAuthHelper {
private static final String TAG = "OAuthHelper";
private OAuthConsumer mConsumer;
private OAuthProvider mProvider;
private String mCallbackUrl;
public OAuthHelper(String consumerKey, String consumerSecret,
String scope, String callbackUrl, String appname)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String reqUrl;
if (appname == null)
reqUrl = OAuth.addQueryParameters(
"https://www.google.com/accounts/OAuthGetRequestToken",
"scope", scope);
else
reqUrl = OAuth.addQueryParameters(
"https://www.google.com/accounts/OAuthGetRequestToken",
"scope", scope, "xoauth_displayname", appname);
mConsumer = new CommonsHttpOAuthConsumer(consumerKey, consumerSecret);
mProvider = new CommonsHttpOAuthProvider(reqUrl,
"https://www.google.com/accounts/OAuthGetAccessToken",
"https://www.google.com/accounts/OAuthAuthorizeToken?hd=default");
mProvider.setOAuth10a(true);
mCallbackUrl = (callbackUrl == null ? OAuth.OUT_OF_BAND : callbackUrl);
}
public String getRequestToken()
throws OAuthMessageSignerException, OAuthNotAuthorizedException,
OAuthExpectationFailedException, OAuthCommunicationException {
String authUrl =
mProvider.retrieveRequestToken(mConsumer, mCallbackUrl);
return authUrl;
}
public String[] getAccessToken(String verifier)
throws OAuthMessageSignerException, OAuthNotAuthorizedException,
OAuthExpectationFailedException, OAuthCommunicationException {
mProvider.retrieveAccessToken(mConsumer, verifier);
return new String[] {
mConsumer.getToken(), mConsumer.getTokenSecret()
};
}
public String[] getToken() {
return new String[] {
mConsumer.getToken(), mConsumer.getTokenSecret()
};
}
public void setToken(String token, String secret) {
mConsumer.setTokenWithSecret(token, secret);
}
public String getUrlContent(String url)
throws OAuthMessageSignerException, OAuthExpectationFailedException,
OAuthCommunicationException, IOException {
HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);
// sign the request
mConsumer.sign(request);
// send the request
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
// get content
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent()));
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("");
String line = "";
String NL = System.getProperty("line.separator");
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
sb.append(line + NL);
in.close();
return sb.toString();
}
public String buildXOAuth(String email) {
String url =
String.format("https://mail.google.com/mail/b/%s/smtp/", email);
HttpRequestAdapter request = new HttpRequestAdapter(new HttpGet(url));
// Sign the request, the consumer will add any missing parameters
try {
mConsumer.sign(request);
} catch (OAuthMessageSignerException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "failed to sign xoauth http request " + e);
return null;
} catch (OAuthExpectationFailedException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "failed to sign xoauth http request " + e);
return null;
} catch (OAuthCommunicationException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "failed to sign xoauth http request " + e);
return null;
}
HttpParameters params = mConsumer.getRequestParameters();
// Since signpost doesn't put the signature into params,
// we've got to create it again.
OAuthMessageSigner signer = new HmacSha1MessageSigner();
signer.setConsumerSecret(mConsumer.getConsumerSecret());
signer.setTokenSecret(mConsumer.getTokenSecret());
String signature;
try {
signature = signer.sign(request, params);
} catch (OAuthMessageSignerException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "invalid oauth request or parameters " + e);
return null;
}
params.put(OAuth.OAUTH_SIGNATURE, OAuth.percentEncode(signature));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("GET ");
sb.append(url);
sb.append(" ");
int i = 0;
for (Entry<String, SortedSet<String>> entry : params.entrySet()) {
String key = entry.getKey();
String value = entry.getValue().first();
int size = entry.getValue().size();
if (size != 1)
Log.d(TAG, "warning: " + key + " has " + size + " values");
if (i++ != 0)
sb.append(",");
sb.append(key);
sb.append("=\"");
sb.append(value);
sb.append("\"");
}
Log.d(TAG, "xoauth encoding " + sb);
Base64 base64 = new Base64();
try {
byte[] buf = base64.encode(sb.toString().getBytes("utf-8"));
return new String(buf, "utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "invalid string " + sb);
}
return null;
}
}
Don’t forget to provide feedback if you find this class or article useful. Happy hacking!
